Two-and Three-Dimensional Flow of Air Through Square-Edged Sonic Orifices

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Abstract
In this investigation, the two-dimensional flow of air through rectangular, and the three-dimensional axisymmetrical flow of air through circular, square-edged, sonic orifices were examined under pressure ratios ranging from 1.894 to 42.0 (upstream stagnation pressure/downstream static pressure). Mass-flow measurements were made using a primary metering system, rather than another orifice or nozzle, and optical techniques were used to obtain pictures of the flow upstream, within the thickness of the orifice plate, and downstream of the orifice. Evidence is presented in this paper which indicates that square-edged sonic orifices can be treated as sonic nozzles by utilizing the concept that the air “turning the corner” of the orifice plate, in effect, makes its own nozzle. It is believed that this interpretation of experimental observations is in full agreement with established principles of aero- and thermodynamics.

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