Predictive value of human chorionic gonadotrophin in the outcome of early pregnancy after in-vitro fertilization and spontaneous conception

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Abstract
This prospective study analyses the value of the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-HCG) in 120 pregnancies obtained after in-vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer. Spontaneous conception cycles (n = 16) were also analysed allowing a comparison between these two forms of conception. Of the 120 clinical pregnancies, 48 started as single gestations and 50 started with two or more sacs. There were 14 clinical abortions and eight ectopic pregnancies. All subjects had blood samples taken under a fixed protocol on days 11, 14, 17, 20 and 23 after follicular aspiration. Weekly samples were obtained thereafter until day 60 from ovum retrieval. Transvaginal ultrasounds were performed at weekly intervals, starting on day 23 after follicular aspiration. In spontaneous conception cycles blood samples were obtained daily, starting on the day of follicular rupture. In spontaneous conception cycles and in IVF– embryo transfer conceptions, the doubling time (DT) ofβ ;-HCG was 1.4 ± 0.3 and 1.6 ± 0.4 days respectively. This difference was not significant. In multigesta–tions, the DT was 1.5 ± 0.3 days. The absolute values of β-HCG in early spontaneous gestations were significantly higher than in IVF—embryo transfer cycles, suggesting that the blastocyst implants with less cellular mass when initiated in vitro as compared with the in-vivo condition. The early prediction of ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous clinical abortion was analysed by the β-HCG profile as well as the absolute values in comparison to normal pregnancies. Both parameters showed significant differences as early as the interval between days 11 and 23 from follicular aspiration. This study provides a comprehensive approach to the evaluation of the outcome of early gestation in terms of the predictability of single and multigestation, ectopic pregnancy and early abortion.

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