Selective hydrogenation with copper catalysts: II. Kinetics

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Abstract
To explain the unusually high selectivity of copper catalysts toward linolenate, model compounds were hydrogenated (150 C and atmospheric pressure) and the reaction products analyzed. Products varied depending upon location of the double bonds. Monoenes were not reduced by copper chromite except when the double bond was next to a carboxyl group. Dienes with isolated double bonds also were not reduced. Binary mixtures of model compounds were hydrogenated with copper chromite. From the composition of the initial and final products, a competitive rate ratio of the two compounds was determined. Esters with conjugated double bonds reacted faster than esters containing methylene interrupted double bonds. Kinetic data on the hydrogenation of linolenate indicated conjugation of the double bonds. Simulation of the kinetic data gave competitive reaction rates for the different isomers formed.