Development of Axillary and Leaf-opposed Buds in Rattan Palms

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Abstract
Axillary vegetative buds are present in Calamus, Ceratolobus, and Plectocomiopsis. Two species of Daemonorops Sect. Piptospatha also have axillary vegetative buds. All species of Daemonorops have only displaced adnate axillary inflorescence buds. A single bud is initiated in the axil of the first or second leaf primordium in a way similar to that for axillary inflorescence buds. The meristem is displaced during development on to the internode above and sometimes on to the base of the leaf above. Leaf-opposed vegetative buds occur in five species of Daemonorops Sect. Cymbospatha and in one species of Daemonorops Sect. Piptospatha. This type of bud is initiated 180° away from the axil of the first or second leaf primordium. It is not a displaced axillary bud, but does become adnate to the internode above like the axillary buds. One or more leaves, transitional between juvenile and adult, on a shoot often subtend both types of buds. Myrialepis has leaf-opposed vegetative buds, but their development was not observed. Korthalsia has buds that are displaced about 130° from the leaf axil and are intermediate between the axillary and the leaf-opposed condition. Other forms of vegetative buds are described: multiple buds in Plectocomia, aerial forking in Korthalsia, and suckering from inflorescences and from aerial stems in Calamus.

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