A comparison of isometric exercise, cold pressor stimulation and dynamic exercise in patients with coronary heart disease

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Abstract
Isometric exercise and cold pressor stimulation have been proposed as alternatives to dynamic exercise in the evaluation of patients with coronary heart disease. We evaluated all three, by gated radionuclide ventriculo-graphy, in 13 male controls and 44 male patients with coronary heart disease. In controls, mean left ventricular ejection fraction did not change during isometric exercise or cold pressor stimulation (64±2 to 63±2 and 63 ± 3) but fell significantly in patients (56±1 to 53±I and 53±1, both P < 0·001). During dynamic exercise, mean left ventricular ejection fraction rose in controls (64±2 to 84±2, P<0·001) but did not change in patients (56±1 to 56 ±2). There was considerable overlap between the groups in the left ventricular ejection fraction response to isometric exercise and cold pressor stimulation; only dynamic exercise discriminated between them. Isometric exercise and cold pressor stimulation are of little value in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease by radionuclide ventriculography.