Effects of Cell Membrane Disruption on the Relaxation Rates of Blood and Clot with Various Methemoglobin Concentrations

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Abstract
The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of hemorrhage and clotted blood change with age. The effects of methemoglobin and cell membrane lysis, factors which in part may underlie this evolution of imaging characteristics, were studied using clotted and heparinized dog blood at various methemoglobin concentrations. Cell lysis did not alter the longitudinal relaxation rate (1/T1) in clotted or unclotted samples. Membrane lysis altered significantly the transverse relaxation rate (1/T2) in both clotted and unclotted samples. Lysed samples of oxygenated blood at 0% methemoglobin had significantly higher T2 values than intact samples. At 0% methemoglobin, clotted samples had slightly but significantly shorter relaxation times than unclotted samples. Within the samples studied, large changes in the state of oxygenation and methemoglobin content were observed in less than 24 h. Such changes necessitate frequent monitoring of these parameters if serial studies are to be done.