Mechanisms underlying the shortening of the action potential at high and low stimulus rates in sheep Purkinje fibres

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Abstract
The shortening of the action potential of sheep Purkinje fibres at high and low rates of stimulation has been investigated. The shortening of the action potential at high rates can be entirely accounted for by incomplete recovery of the plateau conductances between beats. When sufficient time is allowed for membrane recovery, a prolongation of the action potential, rather than a shortening, occurs at high frequencies. The effect on electrical activity of increasing the stimulus frequency is similar to decreasing the bathing K concentration. The possibility of a reduction in the cleft K concentration at high frequencies is discussed. The shortening of the action potential at low rates is unaffected by 4-amino pyridine (a blocker of the transient outward current, ito) is abolished by D600 (a blocker of the second inward current, isi) and by a rise in the bathing Ca concentration. It is concluded that isi rather than ito is involved in action potential shortening at low rates. Action potential shortening at low rates is closely associated with declines in the maximum diastolic potential and the pacemaker potential; all of these changes are abolished by ouabain (a blocker of the Na-K pump). It is concluded that the shortening of the action potential at low rates may be the result of a decline in [Na]i. It is suggested that the rate-dependent changes in the maximum diastolic potential, pacemaker potential and tension are also related to [Na]i.