Abstract
CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Cause of Chronic Pain Low in the Back III. Syndrome of Chronic Pain Low in the Back Due to Degenerating Intervertebral Disk IV. Syndrome of Herniating, or Ruptured, Intervertebral Disk V. Rarer Symptoms and Rarer Cases of Herniating Intervertebral Disk VI. The Roentgenogram VII. Pathology VIII. Etiology IX. Terminology X. The Operation XI. Postoperative Care XII. Results: Industrial Implications XIII. Summary and Conclusions I. INTRODUCTION Some time ago I studied with Dr. Arthur Steindler, of Iowa City, the problem of chronic pain low in the back in relation to the syndrome of herniating intervertebral disk. We made an attempt to differentiate what we called true herniating, or ruptured, disk from pain low in the back with "reflex" pain. Two observations were outstanding. First, a patient without herniation of the intervertebral disk seldom complained of pain below the knee, although he frequently complained of pain down

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