Observations on side effects of endosulfan used to control tsetse in a settlement area in connection with a campaign against human sleeping sickness in Ivory Coast

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Abstract
Two villages and their environs in the Bouafle area of Ivory Coast were monitored for side effects following a spraying campaign to control Glossina spp. in 1978-1979. Residual applications of endosulfan at 267 g a.i.[active ingredient]/ha and 150 .mu.mol vmd were made on surrounding vegetation and non-residual applications at 10 g a.i./ha and 50 .mu.mol vmd were made over the villages themselves. Residue analysis of .alpha.-cellulose pads worn by human volunteers showed very low (0.007-0.27% of rat dermal LD50) insecticide deposits. The spraying had no measurable effect on hatchability of chicken eggs, which contained < 0.01 ppm of insecticide. No measurable changes in lizard (Agama agama L.) populations were observed, and residues in the livers of sampled lizards ranged from 0.01-0.02 ppm. All the fish in pools were killed, and populations of non-target insects were reduced repeatedly but recovered after each residual application. No effects were apparent 2 yr after the spraying.