Study of Adsorption and Nucleation of Cadmium on Tungsten and Germanium by a Molecular Beam Technique

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Abstract
Polycrystalline tungsten, and several germanium single crystal faces, such as (111), (110), (211), etc., were bombarded with a calibrated cadmium beam of thermal energy. Various adsorption states were revealed by continuously monitoring cadmium evaporated from the substrate. Multilayer adsorption was found to precede growth of bulk cadmium for both types of substrate. The extent of this adsorption is 3–4 monolayers on tungsten and 2 monolayers on germanium (111). The heat of adsorption varies from 27 to 51 kcal/mole for tungsten, and is 25–32 kcal/mole for germanium. The nucleation of bulk cadmium has been studied with the same technique. Monitoring the evaporated cadmium during deposition allowed determination of the critical adatom coverage at which nucleation of bulk cadmium occurred. The nucleation kinetics shows critical behavior on germanium substrates but not on clean tungsten.

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