The neostriatal mosaic: compartmental distribution of calcium-binding protein and parvalbumin in the basal ganglia of the rat and monkey.

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Abstract
Calcium-binding protein (CaBP) and parvalbumin are two proteins that are expressed in brain and bind calcium in the micromolar range. The immunohistochemical distribution of these two proteins were examined in the basal ganglia of rats and rhesus monkeys. In the striatum, CaBP immunoreactivity is localized to a subset of striatonigral projections neurons; CaBP-positive neurons are distributed in areas containing somatostatin-immunoreactive fibers and not in the complementary areas containing dense .mu. opiate-receptor binding. These biochemical labels mark, respectively, the matrix and patch compartments of the striatum. Previous studies have shown that striatal matrix neurons project to the substantia nigra pars reticulata, whereas striatal patch neurons project to the substantia nigra pars compacta. Consistent with the restricted localization of CaBP in the matrix projection neurons if the confinement of CaBP-immunoreactive afferent fibers to the pars reticulata. CaBP is also localized to a portion of dopaminergic and a few nondopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and in most dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Parvalbumin immunoreactivity is localized to a subset of substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons and their axons. In the lateral striatum, some medium-sized aspiny interneurons are also parvalbumin immunoreactive. The distinct distributions of CaBP and parvalbumin in the basal ganglia are discussed in terms of their possible roles in intracellular calcium buffer systems related to the physiologic response properties of the neurons in which they are contained.