Preliminary assessment of toxaphene, strobane and thiodan for control of clover case-bearers ( Coleophora spp.) (Coleophoridae, Lepidoptera)

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Abstract
In an unreplicated field experiment using areas 5 acres and larger for each treatment, 15 lb of toxaphene per acre in 3 applications, applied to white clover in flower, increased seed yields approximately 5 times and reduced seed damage caused by Coleophora spp. from 29.7% to 12.1%. In laboratory tests, toxaphene and strobane at 10 lb/ac equivalent did not cause significant mortality in fin il instar larvae of Coleophora alcyonipennella? Kollar after 48 hours exposure. Under the same conditions, thiodan at 5 lb/ac equivalent caused 60% larval mortality. Toxaphene and strobane are apparently highly toxic only to adults of Coleophora species; these materials may be used while clover is in flower with minimum risk of toxicity to honey bees. Thiodan may be toxic to honey bees when used on flowering crops. Further trials using toxaphene and strobane appear warranted.

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