The manipulation of dominance in monkeys with conditioned fear.

Abstract
"2 group dominance tests were conducted on 10 rhesus monkeys. On the basis of these tests 5 pairs of animals adjacent, or nearly adjacent, in the hierarchy were given an additional 5 dominance determinations. The animal in each pair which received the greater number of raisins in each of the 7 tests between the 2 animals was designated as dominant. This animal in each pair was subjected to avoidance conditioning with this submissive partner as the conditioned stimulus. . . . The dominance status was found to be significantly reversed following the completion of conditioning. It was suggested that this observation provides behavioral evidence for the presence of fear in avoidance conditioning which is independent of the conditioning situation."[long dash]A. S. Tamkin.

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