The importance of sampling and sorting techniques in the elucidation of the life cycle of Zapada columbiana (Nemouridae: Plecoptera)

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Abstract
The life cycle of Z. columbiana (Claassen) was shown to be 2 yr at 3 sites in Alberta, Canada, where the species was previously said to be univoltine. The erroneous conclusion of previous investigators was attributed primarily to the use of nets with too large a mesh size. Other factors such as sorting without magnification, inability to recognize young Z. columbiana and erroneous assumptions regarding egg incubation times may also have contributed. Temperature regimes of the streams in the Alberta Rocky Mountains may be such that Z. columbiana cannot complete its life cycle in 1 yr.
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