Effective intermediate layers for highly efficient stacked organic light-emitting devices

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Abstract
Effective intermediate electrode layers comprising of Li F ( 1 nm ) ∕ Ca ( 25 nm ) ∕ Ag ( 15 nm ) or Li F ( 1 nm ) ∕ Al ( 3 nm ) ∕ Au ( 15 nm ) were studied in stacked organic light-emitting devices(OLEDs). Stacked OLEDs with two identical emissive units consisting of NPB ∕ Al q 3 : C545T/BCP exhibited superior luminous efficiency-current density characteristics over conventional single-unit devices. At 20 mA ∕ cm 2 , the luminous efficiency of the stacked OLEDs using the intermediate layers of Li F ∕ Ca ∕ Ag and Li F ∕ Al ∕ Au were about 19.6 cd ∕ A and 17.5 cd ∕ A , respectively, almost doubling that of the corresponding control devices, as expected.