Aspects of extraction, spiking and distribution in the determination of incurred residues of chloramphenicol in animal tissues

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Abstract
Studies of distribution, extraction procedures and spiking protocols in the determination of incurred chloramphenicol residues in animal tissues have been carried out. An extraction procedure involving glucuronidase enzyme digestion was found to extract 10 times more incurred chloramphenicol from pig kidney than direct extraction without digestion. However, neither protease digestion nor ultrasonic probe treatment resulted in improved chloramphenicol extraction. Chloramphenicol was found to be inhomogeneously distributed within kidney from a treated pig. Highest concentrations were detected in the renal medulla. Muscle tissues from the same animal were found to contain a lower concentration of chloramphenicol residues, but no chloramphenicol residues were detectable in the liver. Chloramphenicol recovery from spiked pig liver was found to be lower than that from kidney, but was improved by the addition of piperonyl butoxide before extraction. This additive had no effect on recovery from spiked pig or cattle kidney. The implications of these results for regulatory surveillance of animal tissue for chloramphenicol residues are discussed.