Ionic transport in ferroelectrics

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Abstract
Ionic conductivity in ferroelectric oxides having the perovskite structure is reviewed. Depending on the compound, doping levels, and equilibration conditions, ionic transport numbers approaching unity have been observed under equilibium conditions. The ionic conductivity decreases with decreasing temperature with an activation energy of about 1 eV over the entire measured temperature range of 1000-60°C. This is attributed to the activation energy of the oxygen vacancy mobility. The p-type conductivity decreases somewhat less rapidly for both equilibrium and quenched conditions. Evidence is presented that suggests that the initial leakage current contains a substantial ionic component under device use conditions. Subsequent time-dependent behavior is critically dependent on whether or not the electrodes are blocking to oxygen.

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