Kinetics of Barium Titanate Synthesis

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Abstract
Reaction curves were obtained at various temperatures and concentrations for the formation of BaTiO3 from particulate titania in Ba(OH)2 solution. Kinetic analyses were performed by constructing mathematical models which took into account the particle size distribution of the reactant titania for both the topochemically‐rate‐controlled and the diffusion‐rate‐controlled reactions. At [Ba(OH)2] > ca. 0.1M the rate‐controlling step is the Ba reaction with TiO2 at the interface. The measured activation energy is 105.5 kJ/mol. The rates are independent of Ba(OH)2 concentration, indicating that the TiO2 interface is saturated. At [Ba(OH)2] < ca. 0.1M the rate‐determining step shifts to diffusion through the product BaTiO3 layer, the rates are concentration dependent, and the BaTiO3 particle sizes are inversely proportional to the Ba(OH)2 concentrations used.

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