A Clinical Study of the Application of Endocardial Fulguration in the Treatment of Recurrent Atrial Flutter

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Abstract
Endocardial catheter fulguration has been recently proposed for treatment of arrhythmias originating within the right atrium. In this study the authors attempted to use this technique in eight patients with paroxysmal common atrial flutter. Numerous antiarrhythmic agents failed to prevent recurrences of the episodes, which occurred frequently over periods of at least 4 months. In every procedure, we used a 7F quadripolar catheter electrode introduced via the subclavian vein into the lower part of the right atrium. The two distal electrodes allowed the recording of bipolar double potentials where the critical slow pathway of the reentrant circuit was localized. A unipolar electrogram recording by the tip electrode gave us the location of the area to be ablated when this electrogram was in complete concordance with a small step in the descending part of the F waves in II, III and aVF. This step corresponded to the very depolarization of the reentry area. A DC shock of 100 to 120 J was delivered between the tip electrode and a paddle applied to the left chest wall. Sinus rhythm resumed instantaneously. No mechanical or electrical complications were noted. Three patients are free of relapses without antiarrhythmic drugs (follow-up: 14 to 17 months); three others are also free of relapses, but antiarrhythmic agents were required for treatment of other supraventricular dysrhythmias (follow-up: 3 to 17 months); atrial flutter recurred within several days and persisted in spite of two more procedures in two patients. We conclude that endocardial catheter fulguration of paroxysmal and recurrent atrial flutter seems to be effective therapy. Nevertheless, more experience is required in order to confirm these results.