Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid: clinicopathological features and outcome in Asian Indians

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Abstract
Purpose To study the clinical and histopathological features of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) and to evaluate the prognosis in the Asian-Indian population. Methods This is a retrospective study of 191 patients with SGC. Results The mean age at presentation of eyelid SGC was 57 years (median, 56 years). The tumor epicenter was most commonly located in the upper eyelid (n=125, 65%). The mean tumor basal diameter was 15 mm (median, 10 mm). There was evidence of tumor extension into the orbit (n=30, 16%), paranasal sinuses (n=3, 2%), and brain (n=1, 1%). Wide excision biopsy (n=146, 78%) was the most common treatment modality. Tumor recurrence was noted in 42 (24%) patients over a mean follow-up period of 29 months (median, 20 months). On the basis of the Kaplan–Meier estimate, lymph node metastasis occurred in 18%, systemic metastasis was detected in 10%, and death occurred in 2% of patients at 10 years. On multivariate analysis, the factors predicting locoregional lymph node and systemic metastasis were medial canthal involvement (P=0.004; P=0.013), lateral canthal involvement (P=0.013; P=0.025), tumor basal diameter >10 mm (P=0.002; P=0.002), and perivascular invasion (P=0.043; P10 mm (P=0.001). Conclusion Advanced eyelid SGC is a tumor associated with poor prognosis. In this study, canthal involvement, larger tumor diameter, and perivascular invasion were poor prognostic factors.