Experimental determination of Na–noble-gas velocity-changing and fine-structure-changing collision kernels

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Abstract
We report on an experimental investigation of the collision kernels governing the effects of velocity-changing collisions, fine-structure-changing collisions, and their interplay, for Na–noble-gas pairs. The velocity distributions in the two Na excited-state fine-structure levels and in the Na ground-state hyperfine levels have been measured in the presence of a pump laser which produces velocity-selective excitation. For interpretation of these experiments we use a rate-equation model developed in the context of light-induced drift: the velocity-changing collisions are accounted for by a composite Keilson-Storer kernel describing large-angle and small-angle collisions and the fine-structure-changing collisions are treated in the sudden limit. The model is valid for arbitrarily high pump laser intensities and uses only a single adjustable parameter characterizing the small-angle scattering. It is found that the theory describes the experimental velocity distributions in all four Na levels over a wide range of experimental parameters for each Na–noble-gas pair. The relevance of the collision kernels deduced in the present work is discussed in the context of light-induced drift.