Abstract
The development of peasant studies in anthropology (focusing primarily on the United States) is reconsidered by tracing two major approaches, one stemming from Robert Redfield, the other from Julian Steward and his students. The two approaches are based on different premises and grounded in different theories of culture. Although they have been interwoven historically, they represent different conceptions of peasantry, as well as different understandings of such notions as peasant culture, community, and tradition.

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