Carbon in Gold Electrodeposits

Abstract
Gold electrodeposits plated from pure phosphate and citrate buffered solutions can become contaminated with carbonaceous material which originates from the metal complex. The level of impurity in gold foils can be made to vary in a range from essentially 0 to 1300 ppm of carbon as a function of plating temperature, and, at room temperature, as a function of solution pH, current density, and buffer ion composition. The morphological characteristics of the deposited gold surface, however, were found to be influenced by the extent of bath usage, and such plating parameters as current density and bath temperature, rather than by carbon content. Hardness and brittleness increase with carbon content.

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