Effect of Nitrous Oxide on Venous Air Embolism

Open Access
Publisher Website
Google Scholar
Abstract
The effect of nitrous oxide on the median lethal dose (LD50) of intravenously injected air was studied in rabbits. Determination were performed in similar animal groups anesthetized with 1.0% halothane and with 0.5% halothane combined with 72-76% nitrous oxide. In the halothane group, the LD50 was 0.55 ml/kg. In the nitrous oxide group, the LD50 was 0.16 ml/kg. Difference in values is explained on the basis of the differential solubility of nitrous oxide and nitrogen in blood. The finding of a reduction in LD50 value by a factor of 3.4 shows good agreement with theoretical calculations. It may be hazardous to administer high concentrations of nitrous oxide to patients in whom the possibility of air embolism exists.