Antileukocyte adhesion therapy

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Abstract
Leukocyte to endothelial cell adhesion. The migration of leukocytes from the blood into the brain is a multistep process. First, primary leukocyte-endothelial interaction (rolling) occurs. This process is mediated by P-selectin and E-selectin on the surface of the endothelial cells and by L-selectin on leukocytes1 (figure 1). On activation, firm adherence of leukocytes to the endothelial lining(sticking) is subsequently mediated by a leukocyte membrane glyco-protein receptor complex, termed CD-18 or β2-integrin, and its endothelial ligand, the ICAM-1.2,3 The CD-18 integrin complex consists of three heterodimers. All three share an identical β-subunit(also frequently called CD-18) and are distinguished from each other by distinct α-subunits. The three α-subunits are termed leukocyte function antigen (LFA-1 or CD-11a, present on all leukocytes), MAC-1 (CD-11b, present mostly on PMNs and monocytes), and P150 (CD-11c, present on neutrophils and monocytes). The corresponding counter-receptors for the CD-18 integrin complex are the ICAM family of adhesion molecules. Whereas ICAM-1 is widely expressed on many cells and binds to LFA-1 and MAC-1, ICAM-2 is expressed only on endothelial cells and leukocytes and is recognized only by LFA-1.4 Unlike …

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