Thin Liquid Sheets at Reduced Pressure and Applications in Nuclear Physics

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Abstract
Thin sheets of flowing water, up to 10 cm2 and 0.01–0.05 cm thick, were produced and investigated under reduced ambient pressures down to the natural vapor pressure. Their behavior was well represented by Taylor's theory. Measurements were made of the sheet thickness, and a schlieren system was used to estimate thickness variations, which could be limited to about 1% over areas of a few cm2. Preliminary studies were also made with jets and sheets of liquid oxygen under reduced pressures. A practical water target is described for time of flight measurements on the reaction 16O(p,n)16F with 30 and 50 MeV protons. It is pointed out that such targets sometimes have advantages over gaseous, solid, and conventional liquid targets, particularly with regard to defined geometry, low background, single nuclear species, and ability to be used with high beam intensities.

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