During the period 1956 to 1963 three rates of cereal straw (0, 4,484 and 8 967 kg/ha) and three rates of nitrogen (0, 44.8 and 89.7 kg/ha) were applied annually in factorial arrangement on Miniota sandy loam at the Research Station, Brandon, Manitoba. The plots were cropped each year, alternating wheat and oats. Alternated grain-summerfallow was used as a control.The yield of the first stubble crop without nitrogen was approximately 60% of the yield on summerfallow. After 8 years of repeated application of straw with continuous cropping, the ninth and tenth crops showed a residual benefit from the heaviest rate of straw and yielded more than a second crop after summerfallow. Approximately 40 kg/ha N were sufficient to maintain yields under continuous cropping, regardless of the amount of straw added. The evidence suggests that repeated applications of straw had a residual effect on yield because of its effect on the amount of nitrogen mineralized. Available potassium was increased by applications of straw.