Both the electron emission coefficient (electrons/ion) and the energy distribution of emitted electrons have been determined for bombardment of polycrystalline niobium by 30−400 keV protons. In situ characterization of the niobium surfaces was accomplished using electron−induced Auger electron spectroscopy. Emission coefficient measurements were made for protons incident along the surface normal and along the axis at 45° from the surface normal. Electron energy distributions were determined using a hemispherical retarding analyzer with the proton beam at 45° from the surface normal and at 90° from and coplanar with the axis of the analyzer. The results are discussed and interpreted with reference to electron emission theories and previous experiments.