Scanning electron microscopy of primordial germ cells in early chick embryos

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Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) of the early chick embryo were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Temporal changes in the form and distribution of surface projections were found to be correlated with migratory phases of PGCs. Non‐migrating PGCs were spherical to ovoid with relatively smooth surfaces. Their transition to the migratory phase was first evidenced by a burst of membrane activity. Migrating PGCs became somewhat flattened against the underlying hypoblast (which serves as the substratum for their migration) and exhibited blebs and lamellar processes. The lamellar processes were most prominent at the leading edges of actively migrating PGCs. Overall results of the present study indicate that PGCs found in the germinal crescent area of early chick embryos actively migrate on the dorsal surface of the hypoblast towards posterior embryonic regions.