Motility and Chemotaxis in Alkaliphilic Bacillus Species
- 6 November 2009
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Future Microbiology
- Vol. 4 (9) , 1137-1149
- https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.09.76
Abstract
Alkaliphilic Bacillus species grow at pH values up to approximately 11. Motile alkaliphilic Bacillus use electrochemical gradients of Na+ (sodium-motive force) to power ion-coupled, flagella-mediated motility as opposed to the electrochemical gradients of H+ (proton-motive force) used by most neutralophilic bacteria. Membrane-embedded stators of bacterial flagella contain ion channels through which either H+ or Na+ flow to energize flagellar rotation. Stators of the major H+-coupled type, MotAB, are distinguishable from Na+-coupled stators, PomAB of marine bacteria and MotPS of alkaliphilic Bacillus. Dual ion-coupling capacity is found in neutralophilic Bacillus strains with both MotAB and MotPS. There is also a MotAB variant that uses both coupling ions, switching as a function of pH. Chemotaxis of alkaliphilic Bacillus depends upon flagellar motility but also requires a distinct voltage-gated NaChBac-type channel. The two alkaliphile Na+ channels provide new vistas on the diverse adaptations of sensory ...Keywords
Funding Information
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM28454)
- Toyo University
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- Kurata Memorial Foundation
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