The Three-Dimensional Bin Packing Problem

Abstract
The problem addressed in this paper is that of orthogonally packing a given set of rectangular-shaped items into the minimum number of three-dimensional rectangular bins. The problem is strongly NP-hard and extremely difficult to solve in practice. Lower bounds are discussed, and it is proved that the asymptotic worst-case performance ratio of the continuous lower bound is ?. An exact algorithm for filling a single bin is developed, leading to the definition of an exact branch-and-bound algorithm for the three-dimensional bin packing problem, which also incorporates original approximation algorithms. Extensive computational results, involving instances with up to 90 items, are presented: It is shown that many instances can be solved to optimality within a reasonable time limit.

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