A single nucleotide polymorphism in the matrix metalloproteinase‐1 promoter is associated with conventional renal cell carcinoma

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Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 is associated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis, and its promoter polymorphism has been shown to influence the transcriptional level. Our study explored the association between this polymorphism and renal cell carcinoma in a Japanese population. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and normal tissue of 119 patients with conventional renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and from 210 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers. Genotyping was carried out using direct sequencing. In the MMP‐1 gene promoter polymorphism, it was demonstrated that the frequency of the 2G/2G genotype, which is associated with higher enzyme activity, was significantly higher in patients with RCC than in controls (p = 0.0015; OR = 2.082; 95% CI 1.317–3.293). When stratified for gender, only men showed a significant association of the polymorphism with RCC (p = 0.0028; OR = 2.307; 95% CI 1.333‐3.990). However, no significant association was observed between the 2G/2G genotype and clinicopathologic parameters including age, gender, tumor grade and pathologic stage. Our present data suggest that the MMP‐1 promoter polymorphism may be linked to susceptibility for conventional RCC.