Laser microfabrication of optical circuits in LiNbO3

Abstract
Optical waveguides have been fabricated in x‐cut LiNbO3 by direct laser patterning of ‘‘spin‐on’’ organometallic inks. The technique has been used to repeatedly and rapidly produce single‐ and multimode waveguide structures, such as lines, y branches, and couplers. In addition, an entirely laser‐delineated Mach–Zehnder interferometric modulator has been fabricated.