Pattern and Plasticity in Tropical Hermit Crab Growth and Reproduction

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Abstract
The reproductive ecology of 3 sympatric hermit crab species [Calcinus obscurus (Stimpson), Clibanarius albidigitus (Nobili) and Pagurus sp.] from the Bay of Panama is examined. All 3 spp. reveal patterns of size and reproduction mediated by their supply of shells. Shells are in limited supply. Crabs with shells large enough to allow growth, put effort into growth at the expense of reducing reproductive expenditures, while crabs in shells too small to permit growth allocate more time and effort into immediate reproductive gains. This resource regulated trade-off between growth and reproduction gives these tropical crabs plasticity in important life-history traits. Crabs with a relatively poor supply of shells reproduce at smaller sizes, reproduce more frequently, have larger clutches and are unable to reach the larger sizes of crabs with a less limiting supply of shells. This flexibility in life-history traits allows these crabs to tailor their reproductive schedules to resource supplies controlled by gastropod mortality, as well as the presence of competitors and predators.