Qualitative methods

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Abstract
SUMMARY Qualitative methods are an essential complement to both quantitative and participatory methods in any impact assessment. Although it is possible to do an impact assessment using only qualitative methods, the focus of this paper is on how qualitative methods can complement other methods as part of an integrated impact assessment. Section 1 gives an overview of what is meant by qualitative methods and how these can complement quantitative and participatory methods. Section 2 reviews the main methods: informal interviews, Case Studies, and direct observation and how their rigour and reliability can be increased for particular types of enterprise impact assessment. Section 3 gives summary guidelines for commissioning and assessing qualitative methods in different types of enterprise intervention. The paper does not give detailed guidance on use of qualitative methods in different academic disciplines. For this the reader is referred to the papers listed in the references at the end of the paper.

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