Abstract
Facilities for keeping marine fish for experimental purposes or for display to the public are usually run on either an open system with direct supplies of water from the sea, as in the Bergen Aquarium (Rollefsen, 1962), or on a mainly closed system in which the sea water is continually recirculated (Saeki, 1958). The pros and cons of each system are well known and have been discussed in the published papers of the 1960 1st International Congress of Aquarology held in Monaco (Comité Scientifique et Technique du Congrés International d'Aquariologie, 1962–63) and in the report of the ad hoc meeting in 1975 on design and practical operation of research aquarium systems held at Texel, The Netherlands (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, 1975). A combination of the two types of system is often used in research institutions and series of papers on sea-water aquarium designs and methods of operation have been collected by Clark & Clark (1964).

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