Design of Handtools

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Abstract
Information from a variety of sources is consolidated into eight principles. Each principle is explained and illustrated to aid designers as well as permit users to evaluate designs. The general principles are: 1. Use special-purpose tools, 2. Design tools to be used by either hand, and 3. Power with motors more than muscles. The principles concerning grips are: 4. Use a power grip for power; use a precision grip for precision, 5. Make the grip the proper thickness, shape and length, and 6. Design the grip surface to be compressible, non-conductive and smooth. The grip and tool geometry principles are: 7. Consider the angles of the forearm, grip and tool, and 8. Use the appropriate muscle group.

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