The Impact of Including Incentives and Competition in a Workplace Smoking Cessation Program on Quit Rates

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Abstract
Purpose.: To determine the effectiveness of a multicomponent smoking cessation program supplemented by incentives and team competition. Design.: A quasi-experimental design was employed to compare the effectiveness of three different smoking cessation programs, each assigned to separate worksites. Setting.: The study was conducted from 1990 to 1991 at three aerospace industry worksites in California. Subjects.: All employees who were current, regular tobacco users were eligible to participate in the program offered at their site. Intervention.: The multicomponent program included a self-help package, telephone counseling, and other elements. The incentive-competition program included the multicomponent program plus cash incentives and team competition for the first 5 months of the program. The traditional program offered a standard smoking cessation program. Measures.: Self-reported questionnaires and carbon monoxide tests of tobacco use or abstinence were used over a 12-month period. Results.: The incentive-competition program had an abstinence rate of 41% at 6 months (n = 68), which was significantly better than the multicomponent program (23%, n = 81) or the traditional program (8%, n = 36). At 12 months, the quit rates for the incentive and multicomponent programs were statistically indistinguishable (37% vs. 30%), but remained higher than the traditional program (11%). Chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression were used to compare smoking abstinence across the three programs. Conclusions.: Offering a multicomponent program with telephone counseling may be just as effective for long-term smoking cessation as such a program plus incentives and competition, and more effective than a traditional program.