Pulmonary Nodules Resected at Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: Etiology in 426 Patients

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Abstract
To determine the etiology of pulmonary nodules resected at video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and establish the probabilities that single or multiple nodules resected at VATS represent malignancy in patients with or patients without known cancer. Pathology reports from VATS performed between January 1995 and July 1997 were searched for data on gross specimens revealing pulmonary nodules 3 cm or smaller. Findings were correlated with clinical and histologic data. In 254 patients with one nodule resected at VATS, the nodules were malignant in 108 patients with and in 32 patients without known cancer (P < .03). Among 172 patients with multiple nodules resected, at least one nodule was malignant in 85 patients with and in 20 patients without known cancer (P > .05). Nodules larger than 1 cm were more likely to be malignant than were smaller nodules (P < .002). In patients with known malignancy, nodules smaller than 0.5 cm were more likely to be benign, whereas nodules larger than 0.5 cm but smaller than 1 cm were more likely to be malignant (P < .001). A single pulmonary nodule resected at VATS was more likely to be malignant in patients with known cancer. Nodules larger than 1 cm but smaller than 3 cm resected at VATS were more likely to be malignant. Nodules smaller than 0.5 cm were more likely to be benign.