Sexual selection promotes hybridization between Pecos pupfish, Cyprinodon pecosensis and sheepshead minnow, C. variegatus

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Abstract
Rapid and extensive genetic introgression has occurred between Pecos pupfish (Cyprinodon pecosensis) and sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) in the wild. We studied both female mate choice and male–male competition for mates among C. pecosensis, C. variegatus, and their F1 hybrids to determine what role these behaviours played in the formation of the hybrid swarm. Female C. pecosensis preferred male C. variegatus to conspecific males, C. variegatus females displayed no significant preference when given a choice between purebred males, and neither C. pecosensis nor C. variegatus females discriminated against F1 hybrid males. We found no evidence for female olfactory recognition of mates. Male F1 hybrids and C. variegatus were more aggressive than C. pecosensis males, achieving greater reproductive success under two different experimentally-induced mating systems. Hybrids were superior to C. variegatus when only two males competed (dominance interactions), but the two types were competitively equivalent in a territorial mating system. Our results indicate that active inter- and intra-sexual selection contributed to the accelerated hybridization between these two species. By including the possibility that some aspects of a hybridization and introgression event may be under positive selection, researchers may better understand the dynamics that lead to hybrid zone stability or the spread of introgressed genetic material.