The effects of calcium and magnesium on sodium fluxes through gills of Carassius auratus, L

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Abstract
1. Removal of calcium from Carassius either with chelating agents or by adaptation to deionized water increased sodium influx through the gills twofold.2. Treatment of fish with chelating agents increased sodium outflux, whereas adaptation to deionized water reduced sodium outflux. The effects on outflux do not appear to result from calcium removal.3. Addition of calcium (2-20 mM) reversed the effects on influx of chelating agents and of adaptation to deionized water.4. Magnesium (2-10 mM) was without significant effect on sodium influx, but increased the outflow in fish adapted to deionized water.