ELECTRO-OSMOSIS, WITH SOME APPLICATIONS TO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

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Abstract
General expressions for electrokinetic phenomena of relevance in biology are derived using the methods of irreversible thermodynamics and Onsager coefficients, not only for a Helmholtz-Smoluchowski model but also for a factional model and the model of Schmid. These last two models would seem to be more appropriate for biological cell membranes.Some applications of these expressions to plant physiology include the following: the pressure contribution of electro-osmosis to the turgor of Nitella or Chara cells is found to be negligible; the power used by an electro-osmotic pump can never be less than that used by a pressure mechanism; electro-osmosis may account for the present discrepancies between calculations of membrane conductance using tracer ions fluxes and those using applied potential differences; the streaming potentials developed by pressures across biological membranes would be too small to detect, but in large pores such as xylem or phloem vessels or in cell walls small pressures would result in easily measured potentials.