NOTE FROM DR. MERLE A. SANDE—Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children continues to emerge as a major health crisis, presenting practicing clinicians with unique problems, different from those associated with HIV infection in adults. Dr. Philip A. Pizzo, chief of the Pediatric Branch and head of the Infectious Disease Section ofthe National Cancer Institute, has made major contributions to our understanding of the diagnosis, management, and treatment of pediatric AIDS. We have asked Dr. Pizzo to review this important topic in this AIDS Commentary.