An examination of the granulation process in UASB reactors

Abstract
The production of compact, fully stabilized sludge granules is an essential aspect of the operation of UASB reactors. This paper examines how the granulation process is affected by innoculating the seed sludge with solids which had already granulated and by supplementing the feea with calcium and with phosphorous. Of these, phosphorus supplements appear to be the most significant.