Oral butyrate for mildly to moderately active Crohn's disease

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Abstract
Summary: Background : Butyrate exerts anti‐inflammatory effects in experimental colitis and on Crohn's disease lamina propria mononuclear cells in vitro.Aim : To explore the efficacy and safety of oral butyrate in Crohn's disease.Methods : Thirteen patients with mild–moderate ileocolonic Crohn's disease received 4 g/day butyrate as enteric‐coated tablets for 8 weeks. Full colonoscopy and ileoscopy were performed before and after treatment. Endoscopical and histological score, laboratory data, Crohn's disease activity index and mucosal interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐12, interferon‐γ, tumour necrosis factor‐α and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) were assessed before and after treatment.Results : One patient withdrew from the study, and three patients did not experience clinical improvement. Among the nine patients (69%) who responded to treatment, seven (53%) achieved remission and two had a partial response. Endoscopical and histological score significantly improved after treatment at ileocaecal level (P < 0.05). Leucocyte blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and mucosal levels of NF‐κB and IL‐1β significantly decreased after treatment (P < 0.05).Conclusions : Oral butyrate is safe and well tolerated, and may be effective in inducing clinical improvement/remission in Crohn's disease. These data indicate the need for a large investigation to extend the present findings, and suggest that butyrate may exert its action through downregulation of NF‐κB and IL‐1β.