Local Geology and the Stability of Natural Slopes

Abstract
The stability of sand and sandstone layers sandwiched between clay or clay-shale layers is considered. The stable angle of sand slopes under the action of water flowing parallel to the stratification is calculated. The equilibrium of a sloping mass of sand resting on a clay stratum is examined and related to the dip of the clay stratum, the surface slope of the sand mass, and the strength of the clay. The stability of a sandstone layer resting on a clay shale bed is also examined and the variation of the required angle of shearing resistance with distance from an exposed face is given. These theoretical studies are then related to the field behavior of layered sandy and clayey strata.

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