School Effectiveness Research: Which Way at the Crossroads?

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Abstract
This article, a revised version of the plenary speech presented at the Fourth International Congress for School Effectiveness and Improvement, provides a state of the art view of research on school effectiveness. In the first part, the notion of effectiveness is related to the idea of quality. The necessity of taking the nature of the student intake into account, when making a judgement about the quality of a school, is also stressed. After a presentation of research, mainly from the United Kingdom and the United States, different directions for the future are discussed. These directions range from the application of concepts and methodology to other aspects of the education service, to school improvement projects based on the equity dimension of education. It is concluded that no single direction can be followed but that, as far as possible, all the directions identified should be pursued.

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