Development of maternal behaviors in prepubertal rats at three ages: Age‐characteristic patterns of responses

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Abstract
Individual 18‐, 24‐, or 30‐day‐old male and female Wistar prepubertal rats (juveniles) were continuously exposed to 3–8‐day old pups in order to determine developmental differences in the expression of maternal and other behaviors during the process of sensitization. The results that emerged from this study are as follows: (a) Maternal behaviors are neither consistent nor integrated in their expression prepubertally; (b) exposure to pups facilitates the emergence of some maternal behaviors in juveniles more easily than others, e.g., retrieving and anogenital licking more than ventral crouching or nestbuilding; (c) there are age‐related differences in the expression of different maternal behaviors, e.g., 24‐day‐olds retrieve more than at other ages; (d) in our strain, few, if any, gender differences are apparent in the expression of maternal behaviors prepubertally; (e) juvenile play behaviors (charge, pounce) are related to retrieving behavior in the context of exposure to pups. Overall, the results suggest that maternal behaviors are distinct developmentally and probably involve different mechanisms in prepubertal animals.