The role of oxyntomodulin and peptide tyrosine–tyrosine (PYY) in appetite control

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Abstract
Oxyntomodulin and peptide tyrosine–tyrosine (PYY) are released from intestinal enteroendocrine cells in response to a meal. These circulating hormones are considered to be satiety signals, as they have been found to decrease food intake, body weight and adiposity in rodents. Their effect on energy homeostasis is mediated by the hypothalamus and brainstem, and several studies have demonstrated alterations in neuropeptide signaling within the arcuate nucleus. The weight loss that has been observed in animal models after repeated administration of oxyntomodulin and PYY has led to interest in developing these peptides as antiobesity therapies in humans. Indeed, preliminary studies have found that oxyntomodulin or PYY administration reduces food intake and body weight effectively in overweight human volunteers. This research suggests that modulation of these gut hormones could prove to be effective long-term therapies in the quest to combat the obesity epidemic.