Movement and Germination of Weed Seeds in Ridge-Till Crop Production Systems

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Abstract
The dynamics of buried weed seeds in ridge-tilled corn (Zea mays L.) and soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were studied in Minnesota. Soils subjected to continuous corn production harbored at least twice as many buried weed seeds as soils under corn/soybean rotations. Truncation of ridges at the time of crop sowing removed 31 to 37% of the buried weed seeds from ridges of continuous corn, and 80 to 100% of those from ridges of the corn/soybean rotations. From 14 to 36% of weed seeds originally in ridges were lost through germination either on the ridge or in the furrow. Ridging soil at layby stimulated germination of numerous weed seeds. The resulting population of small weeds eventually produced up to 1000 seeds/m2 in continuous corn but only about 100 seeds/m2 in corn/soybean rotations, thoroughly replenishing the soil seed reserve in both cropping systems. After 7 to 8 yr of good to excellent weed control with herbicides, crop yield losses in the absence of herbicides were 10 to 27% in continuous corn, and 0% for corn and 6 to 10% for soybeans in corn/soybean rotations.